Clauses and Phrases

Clause

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and verb. An independent clause is a simple sentence. It can stand on its own.

Examples:

  • She is hungry.
  • I am feeling well today.

A dependent clause cannot stand on its own. It needs an independent clause to complete a sentence. Dependent clauses often begin with such words as although, since, if, when, and because.

Examples:

  • Although she is hungry …
  • Whoever is hungry …
  • Because I am feeling well …
Dependent Independent
Although she is hungry, she will give him some of her food.  
Whatever they decide, I will agree to.  

Phrase

A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb component, used as a single part of speech.

Examples:

  • Best friend (this phrase acts as a noun)
  • Needing help (this phrase acts as an adjective)
  • With the blue shirt (this prepositional phrase acts as an adjective)
  • For twenty days (this prepositional phrase acts as an adverb)