Proper sentences must have subject-verb agreement. Subject-verb agreement means the subject and verb match. A singular subject must have a singular verb. A plural subject must have a plural verb.
Singular | Plural |
The employee goes to work. |
The employees go to work. |
The employee is going to work. |
The employees are going to work. |
The employee has gone to work. |
The employees have gone to work. |
The employee went to work. |
The employees went to work. |
To make sure you use the correct verb form with the subject, use the following steps:
There are rules to follow to help decide what form the subject or verb is in. The subject of a sentence is usually a noun or pronoun.
Singular and Plural Noun Forms
The plural form for most nouns is made by adding -s or -es.
Some nouns plural form is irregular. The irregular ones have to be remembered. Common ones include:
Singular | Plural |
man |
men |
child |
children |
criterion |
criteria |
medium |
media |
Some nouns with plural form are usually regarded as singular in meaning. Such words include athletics, economics, news, politics, mathematics and statistics.
Measurements and figures ending in -s may be singular when the amount they refer to is a unit:
Note: These words and amounts are plural when they describe single items instead of a whole:
A compound subject, two or more subjects joined by and, takes a plural verb.
Exception:
When the parts of the subject form a single idea or refer to a single thing, the verb is singular.
Examples:
A collective noun names a group of people or things. Examples are army, audience, government, family, group, team, and public. Although a collective noun looks plural, its considered to be one unit, a whole, so it is singular.
Examples:
Exception: Number as a collective noun can be singular or plural. When a comes before number, it is always plural. When the comes before number, it is always singular.
Examples:
Always Singular or Plural Words
Some words that can be part of the subject need to be remembered as always being singular or always plural.
Exception: When each follows a compound subject, the verb is plural:
The courier and the mailman each have parcels to deliver.
Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns
Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural depending on what comes after them: some, all, most, any, and none. Whether they are singular or plural depends on the meaning of the nouns they refer to.
The relative pronouns who, which and that do not have different singular and plural forms. When used as a subject, its verb should agree with the noun it refers to. Please see "Relative section" for more information.
Examples:
Conjunctions Or and Nor
When parts of a subject are joined by or or nor, the verb agrees with the part closest to it. If the closest part is singular, the verb is singular. If the closest part is plural, the verb is plural.
Knowing whether the verb is in its singular or plural form shows which form the subject must be in. The singular present tense of many verbs is formed by adding -s or -es. Irregular verb forms have to be remembered.
Singular Present Tense | Plural Present Tense |
eats |
eat |
am / is |
are |
bring |
brings |
Singular Past Tense | Plural Past Tense |
ate |
ate |
was |
were |
brought |
brought |
The subject and verb still need to match when other words come between them. Such words are usually a phrase that starts with a preposition like of, by, with, from, and to.
When doing a question, first figure out what is the subject of the sentence.
Then decide if the subject is singular or plural. Use the rules. Lastly, decide which verb form will match with the subject.
Note 1: When two verb answers agree with the subject, then the verb TENSE must be looked at. Check for time words to help decide what verb tense is correct for the sentence.
He _____ his desk yesterday.
(A) cleaned
(B) cleans
(C) clean
(D) cleaner
He is a singular subject so a singlular verb is needed. Both (A) and (B) are singular verbs. (A), not (B), is the correct answer. The word yesterday shows that the action is in the past so the verb must be in the past tense.
Note 2: When two verb answers match the subject and both are the correct tense, then decide which verb makes sense.
She _____ made a backup of her data.
(A) have
(B) do
(C) is
(D) should have
She is a singular subject so a singlular verb is needed. Both (C) and (D) are singular verbs. Only (D) can complete the sentence correctly. The sentence does not make sense if (C) is used.