Cancer

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According to the speaker, what is necessary for cancer to occur?
Faulty growth control mechanisms
Specific combinations of genes
Specific proteins in the cell
Faulty DNA replication
Why does the speaker mention blood?
To describe a cancer detection test
To describe how tumor growth is monitored
To explain how tumors grow
To explain a possible cure for cancer
What is a tumor?
A new type of cell that the body tries to reject
A group of very large cells
A cell that fails to stop dividing
A cell in which the DNA and proteins have stopped interacting
What does the speaker mention about chemotherapy?
It is often ineffective.
It both helps and harms cancer patients.
It can be used to treat illnesses other than cancer.
It is the only treatment available for certain cancers.
According to the speaker, what is the best way to treat cancers?
By cutting out the tumor
By preventing the tumor from getting enough blood
By using genes to regulate cell growth
By using existing drugs
According to the speaker, what are the dangers of chemotherapy?
It is not very effective.
It causes other deseases.
It has painful side effects.
It destroys healthy cells along with bad ones.
What is this lecture mainly about?
Blood-borne cancers
New cancer treatments
The mechanics of cancer
Hereditary cancers

Cancer has largely, hm, been a scourge, on the planet.
It is, considered one of the largest killers, of any disease_ of any non-accidental cause of death.
Cancer's, main strength, comes from the fact that all cancer is is a natural mutation of the body's process of growth.
All cells, want to divide.
And cells that normally divide reach a certain limit at which they no longer_ actually no longer grow.
This growth has to be regulated, internally by (protei-_ by) interactions between proteins and D-N-A.
In the process of growth, there are means by which the cell, regulates, its ability, uh, to expand its own progeny.
Thus the cell says, "thus far shall you go." in a cancerous cell, the internal mechanisms_ the internal interactions between proteins and D-N-A, are mutated.
The ability, for the internal growth mechanisms to tell the cell to stop growing, have been broken.
Either through natural mutations, that is inherent genetic mutations that, the subject has had since birth.
Through toxins that are present in the environment.
Such as chemical toxins, dioxin or, um, even through exposure to such things as excess amounts of x-rays,
which are possible from such varied sources as too much exposure to the sun.
Or even such outlandish sources as possibly sitting a little too close to the television set.
Outlandish as this may seem, cancer is a very real problem.
And the means by which, uh, we can stop cancer are actually quite varied.

There are numerous genes that have been determined to cause cancer.
All of which are related to the ma- machinery within the cell, that tells the cell to stop growing.
For example, the cell, when it bumps up against another cell, and finds that even if it decides to divide, it can't, it can't find any further space within the organism will tell itself_ will have, um, its internal machinery say "stop.
We will not grow any more." a cancerous cell on the other hand will continue to grow.
And will actually start to destroy other cells.
Kill healthy cells, and grow over top of them, hence a tumor.
A tumor is merely an outgrowth of a cell that fails to stop dividing, when the body has told it to stop dividing.
It in the process has killed other healthy cells that are not cancerous.
And it has attempted to commandeer as much o- of the body's resources as is possible.
Cancer is deadly.
Not only because of the expansion of the tumor and its disruption_ its physical disruption.
The preponderance of size.
But also from the fact that as the patient progresses further and further into, tumorigenesis.
That is the start of, tumor growth, massive tumor growth. More and more of the body's resources are taken.
For example, one of the more popular drugs, and in my opinion, the most potent drug, to stop cancer, is a drug that ce_ tells the body not to supply blood to the tumor.
A tumor, is a very very greedy consumer of the body's resources.
It, uh, it actually excretes chemicals that tells the body to give it more blood, and to grow new blood vessels within the body.
Such that it can supply the tumor with more nutrient, more blood and more oxygen, such that it can continue to grow, unregulated.

New drugs have counteracted these tumor chemicals.
And have essentially been able to destroy the tumor’s ability to get new blood lines.
These chemicals are far more effective than the former toxic chemicals that are involved in modern day chemotherapy.
Whose sole purpose is to destroy, the tumor cell through using_ by the use of toxins that kill all cells in the region around the tumor.
Modern day chemotherapy, uses drugs that destroy the D-N-A, of cells.
The reason why this makes sense, is because tumor cells divide and grow more rapidly, than healthy cells.
Therefore using a chemical that stops its ability to grow and to divide and use its D-N-A properly will kill_ will harm the tumor much more... Per capita hahm than more harm, uh, healthy cells.
But nevertheless the side effects are destroying healthy cells, destroy healthy tissues, and therefore lead to sicker patients.
Leave_ also leave, uh, particularly in blood borne cancers the ability, um, for the chemotherapy to destroy the patient's immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable, uh, to infections from opportunistic er pathogens like pneumonia, for example.
A very very popular microbe that exists even within hospital ventilators.
Modern chemotherapy therefore, must look, to more tumor specific drugs, to destroy, uh, tumors and rid us of the scourge of cancer.